/t/ after voiceless sounds
무성음 뒤의 /t/
When the verb ends in a voiceless sound like /p/, /k/, /f/, /s/, /sh/, or /ch/, -ed sounds like /t/.
단어 끝소리가 무성음이면 -ed는 /t/처럼 짧고 가볍게 읽어요.
Free cheat sheet
-ed Endings Cheat Sheet
-ed 어미 치트시트
Remember the 3 pronunciations of the suffix -ed and which words use them.
과거형 -ed를 /t/, /d/, /id/로 언제 읽는지 빠르게 정리해요.
Pronunciation
What this cheat sheet makes clear.
Use the final sound of the verb, not the spelling, to choose /t/, /d/, or /id/.
/d/ after voiced sounds
유성음 뒤의 /d/
When the verb ends in a voiced sound, -ed sounds like /d/. The sound stays smooth and connected.
단어 끝소리에 목소리가 들어가면 -ed는 /d/처럼 자연스럽게 이어져요.
/id/ after T or D
T/D 뒤의 /id/
When the verb ends in /t/ or /d/, add one extra syllable: wanted, needed, decided.
끝소리가 /t/ 또는 /d/일 때만 한 음절을 더해 /id/로 읽어요.
How to use it
Practice the pattern, not the spelling.
Use this one-page reference while reading past-tense verbs aloud. Sort by the final sound first, then choose the right -ed ending.
철자가 아니라 마지막 소리를 기준으로 /t/, /d/, /id/를 골라 연습하세요.
- Sort verbs by final sound, not final letter
- Mark /t/, /d/, and /id/ before speaking
- Read each list slowly, then in short sentences
- Record yourself and listen for extra vowel sounds
- Keep the sheet open during daily speaking practice
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